EDUCATION
Education is
a process of acquisition of knowledge and experience as well as the development
of skills habits and attitudes.
Education
means to lead out of ignorance. Swami Vivekananda thinks education is the
manifestation of divine Perfection already existing in man. Education is a
triangular process. It involve the inter play of the educator. The educand and
the soul force. Educator is the teacher who tries to, modify the child. The
educand and the social force is an element of society which has the capability
of causing a change or inference people.
DISCIPLINE
Academic
discipline/field of study is a branch of knowledge that is taught and
researched at College or University level.
Discipline
are defined and recognized by the academic journal in which research is
published and by the learned society and academic departments or facilities.
It describes
type of knowledge, expertise, skill people, projects, communities problem
challenged studies. Inquiry approaches and research areas that are associated
with academic area of study.
For example
the branches of science are commonly referred to as the scientific disciplines
e.g.: physics and gravitation is strongly associated with that disciplinary
knowledge.
Academic
discipline have several branches or sub disciplines that leads to
co-evolve with the system of professions may be said to own knowledge in
particular disciplinary area.
WHY EDUCATION IS A DISCILINE?
To become a
discipline acedamia a subject must be professional enough. A discipline has its
own independent language system and its own professional techniques. It means
that the discipline should have its own theory & practice.
This
particular language system divide the people into two. One is the expert and
the other is lay man. In medicine the expert is a doctor and in education the
expert is an educationalist.
Reason for
considering education as a discipline
Ø It
has well defined function.
Education as
a discipline has clearly defined objectives & purpose. It is for
development of individual and growth of society.
Ø Its
scope and subject matter is well defined.
Education as
a discipline has both theoretical and practical aspect.
Theoretical
aspects include philosophical, curriculum, instructional, learning, sociology
and anthropology practical aspect include policy making and edectism.
Practitioners
of education requires skills, knowledge and attitude in the discipline. Hence,
the subject education can be considered as a pure discipline as an applied
discipline.
Education is
purposive- There is a definite purpose of all educational activity.
DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION AS A DISCIPLINE
Education as
an academic discipline was emerged in the second half of 19th century, with the inception of
Teachers College, Columbia University.
Modern,
teachers colleges and the modern teachers colleges and modern departments,
schools or facualities of education with in universities were emerged the
curricula of these institutions lead to the improvement of schools; school
systems, and the improved learning of individuals and groups.
Education as
a discipline and subject of steady made its first entry into a university in
India in 1971 in University of Calcutta.
A second
land mark was in 1936 when the Bombay University. Instituted an M.Ed Course in
1943. The first PhD Degree in education was awarded by Bombay University.
MAJOR FOCAL AREA OF EDUCATION AS A DISCIPLINE.
Teacher
education, education guidance and counseling. Education planning and
management, Demographic education conteperative education. Special education. Distance education inclusive and inter
cultural education, curriculum development. Educational measurement and
evaluation physical education, computer education, peace education, value
education, sex education.
NATURE OF EDUCATION AS A DISCIPLINE
Education is
a comprehensive term and it reflects one’s day to day life and an essential
aspects for perfect balanced personality development. On the other hand, the
meaning of education can be understood from the narrower broader point of view.
Education in the narrower sense means. Conscious and deliberate process,
modifies the behavior of the learner and bring about in the educand. Specific
knowledge and skills. Such an education is confined to school and university
instructions whatever takes place in a school and whatever influences child
behavior is considered education.
In broader
point of view education is a lifelong process. It starts with conception and
end with death (womb to tomb process). It is preparation of life through life
experiences. Here education is not limited in classroom teaching or training.
Following
are the chief characteristic of education as a discipline.
1. Education is purposive
There is a
definite purpose of all educational objective.
2. Education is deliberate
Education
involve special care and guidance. The process of education is not any
conscious but also deliberate. The educator is fully aware of the fail that his
aim is to develop the personality of the child along. Definite line through the
modification of his behavior.
3. Education is drawing out and bringing
up process
Different
meaning of education high lighted that education is the process of
bring out the innute potentialities of the child. Education is an active and
dynamic process by which modifications are brought bout in the behavior of n
individual.
4. Education is knowledge as well as experience
Education is
not only simply quiring different types of knowledge but it involve real life
experiences. Human progress through ages has been made possible through the
increase& diffusion knowledge.
5. Education is liberal and vocational
Education
can be considered as the liberal process and later it will help the child to
train in a particular vocation education is meaning full only when it aim at
some employment. Modern democratic education has placed vocation aim in its
fore front.
6. For the Good of the individual and
well fare of the society
The purpose
of education 18 well being of the individual and welfare of the society and a
synthesis of individual and society. Education is called a force for social
development which brings improvement in every aspect in the society.
7. Stabilizer, conservator and
reconstructionistic
Education
help to conserve stabilize and reform the society and culture.
8. Education is planned
Education is
not hap hazed. It is planned and systematic. If refers to transact its
activities through a systematic institution and regulation.
9. Education is lifelong
Education
starts from the time of conception and goes until death. Education from cradle
to grave as sometime said. Education is lifelong. Process because every stage
of life of an individual. Is important from of educational point.
10. Education is influence exerted
Education is
the mature persons. (Teachers, Parents, Adult) influence on child.
11. Education is balanced development
Education
concerned with the development of all the faculities of the child.
12. Education is bipolar
Education is
the process in which both teacher and pupil influence each other the
personality of the educator modifies. The behavior of the educant and in turn
is affected by the personality of the educand.
13. Education
is tripolar
Education involves the teacher of the subject matter.
14. Education
is psychological as well as social
The endowments or the capacities of the child – his needs
interest etc must be interpreted and developed in a social setting
15. Education
is growth
Education modifies the behaviour of the child, Human behaviour
is modified and improved through educational process.
16. Education
is power
Education is power and treasure in human being through which
he is entitled, as the supreme master on earth. Education is life long process.
There for the role of
education is countless for a perfect society and man it is necessary for every
society and nation to bring histolic. Happiness and prosperity to its
individuals.
INTER DISCIPLINARY NATURE OF EDUCATION
Historically, scholars
have made unfailing effort to position education as a standard science but no
solid successes has been achieved regardless of the positivistic paradigm,
quantitative approaches or value free neutral stances they adopted. As
interdisciplines permeate the field of education, education experiences a
crisis of being colonized. After serious rethinking interdisciplines were
widely believed to do more good than harm to education is being to transform a
‘colony’ to empire.
Inter disciplinary
involves the combining of two or more academic discipline in to one activity.
It is about creating something new by crossing boundaries and thinking across
them. The term inter disciplinary field which is an organisational unit is
applied with in education & training pedagogies to describe studies that
use method and insight of several established disciplines or traditional field
of study.
1. Education
and philosophy
As a field of study
philosophy is one of the oldest discipline it is the root of all knowledge
Education has also drawn its material from different philosophical bases like
education philosophy also closely related to human life. There for being an
important life activity education is also greatly influenced by philosophy
2. Education
and Sociology
Emile Darkheim was the
first person who indelated the need for a sociological approach to education.
He considered education to be essantialy social in character and in its
function and that as a result the
theory of education relates more clearly to sociology than any other science. He emphasized that education
is not a static phenomenon but a agnamic and ever- changing process.
3. Education
and psychology
psychology applied in education is the study of how human
learn in educational setting, the effectiveness educational interventions the
psychology of teaching and social psychology of school as organizations. It is
concerned with how students learn and develop often focusing of sub groups such
as gifted children and those subjected to specafic disabilities.
4. Education
and economics
Economics education is the study of economics issue relating to education including
demand for the education on the financing and provision of education.
5. Education
and History
To understand, schools we must view them in historical
perspective it tried to explain how the history of humanity &history has
led to the development of schools as we know them today. To have a clear
understanding about historical aspect of education. The history of indigenous
education in India act as a basis of all educational politics and reforms in
India.
6. Education
and Political Science
7. As an
academic discipline the study of politics in education has two main roots. The
first root is based on the Theories from political science. While the second
root is anchored in organizational theory. Political Science attempt to explain
how societies and social organization use power to established regulation and
allocate resources.
8. Education
and Anthropology
The focus of anthropology of education is cultural
transmission Educational system in society’s attempt to promote stability and
enure its own survival by passing on its insight, Ideals, Skills, assumptions
and goals to the next generation
SCOPE OF EDUCATION AS A DISCIPLINE
Scope of education means
the major focal areas coming under education as discipline. Present day
education is as much more structured in comparison to yester years. Where there
was no such concept of formal education one angle scope of education is
different.
1. Levels of
education
2. Aspects
of education
3. Types of
education
1. LEVELS OF EDUCATION
a. Pre-Primary
education
Pre-primary education is known as various names such as
nersary education kinder garden education ECCE. Nursery & Kinder garden are
infact western system of Pre-primary education which we are trying to. Adopt
into Indian system. Here children are taught how to do develop basic skills.
The founder of pre-primary education in Germen philosopher for bet. He
establish kinder garden taught through songs & gifts. In India Gandhiji
planned Pre-basic education. Kinder garden montisorri, Nursery, pre-basic
school, Day Care Centers, Balawadis etc are example
b. Primary
eduction
The elementary stage of
formal educational set up covers primary education it is the stage when the
child start reading. Formal instruction in an institution child having 6-8
years of schooling that usually start from the age of 5 or 6. The main aim of
primary education is to establish functions in a variety of subjects such as
Science, Mathematics, Social science.
c. Secondary
eduction
It is the final stage of education in school primary education
end with VII then after enter the Secondary and Higher Secondary stage. Its
starts with VIII to end with XII in XI & XII standards Kerala this stage
had been attached to colleges as the pre-degree courses till 1991.
d. Higher
education
Higher education is non-
compulsory educational level which comprises of under graduate and post
graduate along. With vocational education training usually a person need to
admit in a college or a university to receive higher education.
e. Special
eductions
There are some students
who require special learning needs which are addressed through special
education according to IDEA [
Individual with Disabilities Educational Act] child is first identified as one who requires special
education support then the child is evaluated on its basis his/ her eligibility
is determined.
f. Adult
education
A the name suggest adult
education refers to a practice of educating adults. There are different form of
adult education namely formal, class based learning, e-learning and self directed
learning.
2. ASPECTS OF EDUCATION
It include
1. Aim of
education
2. Carriculam
3. Method of
teaching
4. Role of
teacher
5. Discipline
1. Aim of
education
Aims gives direction to
activities aim of education are formulated keeping in view the need of
situation our of several aim of education individual & social aim are
important. They are opposed to each other in individual aim give important to
development of individual social aim give importance to development of society
through individual.
2. Curriculam
The organic section of
schooling & further education has long been associated with the idea of a
curriculam. Curriculam is the tool in the hand of the artist to mould his
material in his studio. It involve the basic principle of curriculam
construction, way of organising subject matter, recent trend in curriculam
construction implementation & evaluation.
3. Method of
teaching
A teaching method
comprises the principle and method used for instruction, commonly used teaching
method may include lecture, demonstration, reuitation project, problem solving,
discussion method etc. The choice of method is based on information or skill it
may influenced by the attitude and enthusiasm of the student teaching method
are one of the major focal area of education.
4. Role of a
teacher
Teacher are one of the
main pillar of a progressive society they bear weight and responsibility of
teaching and a part from parents are the main sources of knowledge and value to
children. Now a days teacher provide information and show their students how to
take them. They are supporters rather than educators. The changing role of
teachers in the modern society is major role of subject matter of education.
5. Discipline
Discipline is the inner
control of behaviour discipline can be of there type first is impressionistic
discipline in which discipline I develop by modelling and imitation of adult
behaviour by a young child. Second is the emanicipator discipline in which
children discipline by them selves suffering consequence of his own at. Next is
repressionistic in which children learn through punishment and authority.
3. TYPES OF EDUCATION
The process of education
can be classified into three categories. They are formal education in formal
education & non formal education.
v Formal education
Formal
education in which the teacher an the taught face each other in a classroom
situation on a regular and continious basis and predetermined syllabus
according to time table, source of promotion to next class after passing the
previous one. Take a public examination at the end of the course and receives a
certificate. It is legally institutionalised and rigid it has foced point of
entry and cut. It I motivated by employment opportunity.
v Informal education
The education received in
indirect manner is called Informal education. Some people called it individual
or cultural education it ha no anticipated goal. Formal planning and regid
organization it is life long process. The home, peer group playmates mass media
etc for example. The san of farmer alquihe knowledge about farming from is
father. In informal education experiences are unstructured and indefinite.
v Non formal education
This group include the school drop out, the employed or
working person those living away from the additional institutions house wives,
related persons. Non formal education is not a substitute or parallel to the
formal education. We need Formal & Non formal education system
supplementing each other Non formal education deter from Formal and informal
education.
