Multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary: basic concept video

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Interdisciplinary Teaching ....

Interdisciplinary Teaching
Interdisciplinary instruction entails the use and integration of methods and analytical frameworks from more than one academic discipline to examine a theme, issue, question or topic. Interdisciplinary education makes use of disciplinary approaches to examine topics, but pushes beyond by: taking insights from a variety of relevant disciplines, synthesizing their contribution to understanding, and then integrating these ideas into a more complete, and hopefully coherent, framework of analysis.

In dealing with multi-faceted issues such as teenage pregnancy, new drug development, genetically modified foods, and health care access, interdisciplinary perspectives are needed to adequately address the complexity of the problems and to forge viable policy responses.

Interdisciplinary teaching is different from multi- or cross-disciplinary teaching in that it requires the integration and synthesis of different perspectives rather than a simple consideration of multiple viewpoints

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UNDERSTANDING THE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE : CONCEPT OF ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE

Concept of Academic Discipline 

The concept of a discipline is not a straightforward one. The nature of disciplines is so different from each other that it is not easy to come up with a concise definition that would fit all of them to the same degree. The term discipline‘ may be used for many things at the same time and it is necessary to examine the various meanings of the word. Let us start with an exploration of the etymology of the word discipline.

The term discipline‘ originates from the Latin words discipulus, which means pupil, and disciplina, which means teaching.5 The term discipline is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as "a branch of learning or knowledge". It defines a discipline both as a noun and as a verb as follows6:

As noun

1. the practice of training people to obey rules or a code of behaviour, using punishment to correct disobedience: a lack of proper parental and school discipline.

2. the controlled behaviour resulting from such training: he was able to maintain discipline among his men.

3. activity that provides mental or physical training

4. a system of rules of conduct: he doesn’t have to submit to normal disciplines. 

5. branch of knowledge, typically one studied in higher education: Sociology is a

fairly new discipline.

As verb

1. develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self- control; "Parents must discipline their children";

2. punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience; "The teacher disciplined the pupils rather frequently".

Definitions in different dictionaries give a whole range of quite different meanings of the term from training to submission to an authority to the control and self-control of behaviour. As a verb, it means training someone to follow a rigorous set of instructions, but also punishing and enforcing obedience. In this study, the term discipline has been used in academic sense to refer a particular area of knowledge or study, especially a subject studied at a college or university.

Dogan, (2001) "The term ―discipline refers both to organizational units in educational programs (for example, in schools) and to organizational units in knowledge production. The term  ̳discipline‘ is inherited from the vocabulary of nineteenth century and is understood as a branch of instruction for the transmission of knowledge and as a convenient mapping of academic administration.

S. Yadav and T.K.S Lakshmi (1995), discipline refers to a specific area of study- a branch of knowledge recognized by a certain distinctness it reveals in its substance and methodology. A discipline is a deliberate differentiation of the knowledge base with a specific perspective in order to gain better understanding of the phenomenon under focus.

According to them, the knowledge base represents the sum total of the human understanding of environment. Disciplines are derived from the knowledge base but get formulated in recognizable differentiated forms of both substance and methodology due to further specialization, diversification and differentiation.

the term academic discipline‘ certainly incorporates many elements of the meaning of  ̳discipline‘ discussed above. At the same time, it has also become a technical term for the organization of learning and the systematic production of new knowledge. Often disciplines are identified with taught subjects, but clearly not every subject taught at university can be called a discipline. In fact, there is a whole list of criteria and characteristics, which indicate whether a subject is indeed a distinct discipline. A general list of characteristics would include:

1. Disciplines have a particular object of research (e.g. plants, law, society, politics), though the object of research may be shared with another discipline.

2. Disciplines have a body of accumulated specialist knowledge referring to their object of research, which is specific to them and not generally shared with another discipline.

3. Disciplines have theories and concepts that can organize the accumulated specialist knowledge effectively.

4. Disciplines use specific terminologies or a specific technical language adjusted to their research object.

5. Disciplines have developed specific research methods according to their specific research requirements.

6. Disciplines must have some institutional manifestation in the form of subjects taught at universities or colleges, respective academic departments and professional associations connected to it.

The evolutionary history of disciplines can be explained by the following path:

A Knowledge

(Sum total of human experience- culture, traditions, skills, concepts and principles etc.)

Specialization and Fragmentation of knowledge

(Due to man’s curiosity and efforts to understand the environment more comprehensively and specifically)

Discipline

(Separate/ Specific area of knowledge/ Independent field of study having more focused approach)

Diversification and further specialization 

of knowledge within the discipline

Breaking of disciplinary boundaries and emergence of more specialized new disciplines by one of the following ways:

# Two or more branches of knowledge merge and develop own distinct characteristics and form a new discipline. For e.g. Bio-chemistry and Bio- physics.

# A social and professional activity becomes an area of application for several disciplines and recognized as an independent field of study. For e.g.Education, Social Work, Management, Medical Sciences, Agriculture,

Technology and Engineering etc.

# When a no. of discipline converge into an important field of activity and resulting in two way flow of ideas for the enrichment of both. It is an interdisciplinary approach in different disciplines.